![]() Materials and Methods Patients and sampling The present work was conducted to establish the detection windows for EtG and EtS in urine in alcoholic patients during alcohol detoxification and to examine factors that could possibly be of influence. Because of rapid ethanol metabolism and excretion from the body, the time frame for a positive saliva, breath or blood ethanol test is typically limited to 90 h were demonstrated in alcohol-dependent patients during recovery from heavy drinking (Beck et al., 2007). The detection times showed wide inter-individual variations, also after adjusting values for urine dilution and to the estimated times for a completed ethanol elimination.įollowing alcohol intake, an absolute majority (>95%) of the ethanol becomes oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde and further to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Conclusions: During alcohol detoxification, EtG and EtS remained detectable in urine for several days. The EtG results by LC-MS and the immunoassay were in good agreement. The detection times after an estimated zero ethanol concentration were ∼30–110 h (median 66) for EtG and ∼30– 70 h (median 56) for EtG/creatinine. After correction for urine dilution, the time until an EtG/creatinine ratio <0.5 mg/g was ∼40– 90 h (median 65). ![]() For EtG, the individual time range until return to below the applied cut-off limit (<0.5 mg/L) was ∼40–130 h (median 78) with a similar time course observed for EtS. Results: The detection time for urinary EtG was weakly correlated ( r = 0.434, P = 0.013) with the initial alcohol concentration (range 1.0–3.4 g/L). EtG and EtS measurements were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and EtG also using an immunochemical assay (DRI-EtG EIA, ThermoFisher/Microgenics). ![]() Urine samples for determination of EtG, EtS, ethanol and creatinine were collected on admission to the hospital and thereafter once daily for several days. Methods: Alcohol-dependent patients ( n = 32) with an initial alcohol concentration ≥1 g/L based on breath testing were followed during detoxification. This study determined the detection times for EtG and EtS in alcoholic patients undergoing alcohol detoxification. Compared with ethanol, EtG and EtS are excreted in urine for a prolonged time, making them useful as sensitive alcohol biomarkers. Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are conjugated ethanol metabolites formed in low amounts after alcohol consumption. ![]()
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