Oklahoma observes both holidays on the same day. It is very important to pay close attention to the information below because many of the days that you might expect the USPS to be closed or open aren’t always as you expect. Mail will not be delivered or sent on these days so plan accordingly. South Dakota was the first state to has celebrated Native Americans’ Day since 1990. Below is a list of the 2022 post office holidays. Twelve states (Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Wisconsin, and Vermont) and the District of Columbia have remained the holiday since 1990. In the USA it is observed on the Second Monday in October. Which states have shifted from Colombus Day to Indigenous People’s Day? Columbus Day commemorates the date when Christopher Columbus first set foot in the Americas. Historically, banks have opted to follow a federal holiday schedule as their operations are more closely linked to the government, and they rely more heavily on the Federal Reserve. However, most supermarkets and retailers will remain open as they do not offer the holiday to their employees. Most banks do offer the date as a holiday to their employees. In fact, The holiday was recognized in part to address the fierce prejudice, widespread discrimination and the lynching’s Italian Americans faced in the America of the time. In these cases, all public offices will be closed with normal operations opening on Tuesday. Columbus Day was recognized in 1892 by President Benjamin Harrison as a national holiday to mark the 400th anniversary of the discovery by Columbus. What will be closed?Īll federal offices will be closed as the date is one of eleven federal holidays, including the post office.Īdditionally, Columbus Day is celebrated as a paid holiday in: Columbus Day is one of the 11 federal holidays recognized by USPS. During the statement released, he called upon the population to “honor America’s first inhabitants and the Tribal Nations that continue to thrive today.” However, on the same day an additional proclamation to celebrate Columbus Day was also signed by the President, meaning that at the federal level, both celebrations are seen as legitimate. According to the United States Postal Service, the USPS will close to recognize Columbus Day on October 10. This year, President Biden became the first president to release a proclamation marking the holiday as Indigenous People’s Day. An occasion to celebrate the Italian American community, a pillar of □□ prosperity & a cornerstone of the □□□□ partnership "at the heart of our efforts to tackle the most pressing global challenges of our time, including supporting Ukraine." - □□♥️□□- Italy in US October 7, 2022
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As the streak of light approached the snow-covered landscape, it brightened up, eventually exploding about 19 miles (30 kilometers) above ground and briefly outshining the sun. In February 2013, a dazzling fireball zipped across the morning winter sky near the city of Chelyabinsk in south-eastern Russia. Chelyabinsk: 66 feet wide (20), the size of a tennis court Now I needed to address the building’s interior.1. The garage portion and exterior was complete. Now all I had to do was to build a decaying Caddy with a sizable dent in the front where it would have hit the post. I had made an Apocalypse Downtown Diner but had not included a version of the pink Cadillac! That was the answer, tying in the story from one modular to the next. I decided that someone crashed into the post, perhaps in a vain attempt to flee the city during the early days of the Apocalypse-or maybe even after a joy ride gone wrong when there was nothing else to do during the end of the world.įrom there my imagination sparked. But I wanted a story that would be more simple and easier to convey. Maybe I could even convert it one some sort of Mad Max mobile. I knew I wanted to utilize the tow truck in some fashion, maybe decaying inside or towing some poor soul’s last car. I realized that the garage would be the first modular to really feature vehicles. I started by framing out the building’s ground floor, leaving the gas pump and pavement work until I had some sort of idea of WHY the awning would be collapsed. That’s where I found myself when I approached my next decayed modular, the Corner Garage! Who would inhabit these buildings after they have decayed so much? What cues from the original sets can I enhance and extrapolate the future in an apocalyptic world? I find that when you start imagining these things, the model starts to speak to you and guide you in the ways of destruction. Follow the crack-if a glass window shattered or a particular wall collapsed, where would the cracks go from there and what would the elements do to the building as a consequence? Cheese wedges and 1x1 quarter round tiles are your friends-breaking the facade into smaller pieces shows age and decay.ģ. Use a muted color palette with sand variants-no one is painting these buildings in the Apocalypse.Ģ. Beyond that, I keep three tips in mind for destruction:ġ. You can either leave the frame but remove the windowpane, make your own rotting frame at interesting angles, or use transparent clear plates and cheese wedges for a “shattered glass” effect. Windows are always a great place to show dilapidation. One of my go-to techniques to show age is to distress the windows. What signs would decay, where would vegetation grow, and how would the building stand up to the elements? From there, you start to “age” the building in your mind, trying to imagine where the destruction goes from there. Sometimes, choosing a single wall or corner to knock down is a good starting point. I evaluate the original set and pick some key features that will stay and what will be destroyed. For all of the buildings in my series, I never start with the finished set-I always start from scratch and only use the set as a rough framework. Now if I search my business name under the auto populate I see it with Independence, KS on the listing. I pretty much do not have any traffic, views or calls now. Posted about my SAB listing a few weeks ago about not showing up in search only when you entered the exact name. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.Īll official trademark data, including owner information, should be verified by visiting the official USPTO website at This site is not intended to replace professional legal advice and should not be used as a substitute for consulting with a legal professional who is knowledgeable about trademark law. The use of this site is at your own risk. While we strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, we do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information displayed on this site. The information provided by uspto.report is based on publicly available data at the time of writing and is intended for informational purposes only. Uspto.report is an independent third-party trademark research tool that is not affiliated, endorsed, or sponsored by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) or any other governmental organization. Lines, curved Curved line(s), band(s) or bar(s) Bars, curved Bands, curved Lines, diagonal Bars, diagonal Diagonal line(s), band(s) or bar(s) Bands, diagonal Miscellaneous designs with overall quadrilateral shape Quadrilateral shapes (miscellaneous overall shape) Quadrilaterals that are completely or partially shaded Three or more quadrilaterals Quadrilateral (three or more quadrilaterals) Rectangular shapes (miscellaneous overall shape) Miscellaneous designs with overall rectangular shape Oblongs not used as carriers for words, letters or designs Rectangles that are completely or partially shaded Three or more rectangles Rectangles (three or more rectangles) Rectangles made of broken or dotted lines Squares that are completely or partially shaded Three or more squares Squares, three or more Triangles that are completely or partially shaded Two concentric circles Concentric circles, two Circles, two concentricĬircles that are totally or partially shaded. Gloves, winter Gloves, Work Holders, pot Mittens Gloves, golf Work glovesĬircles with a decorative border, including scalloped, ruffled and zig Hearts excluding hearts as carriers or depicted on playing cardsĬhocolate chips Chocolate candies Chips, (chocolate) Candy bars, (chocolate) Teardrops (more than a single drop) Raindrops (more than a single drop) multiple drops (rain, tear, etc.) More than one drop including teardrops or raindrops Sun with rays but neither partially exposed nor with facial features Status: New application will be assigned to an examining attorney approximately 3 months after filing date. (Pharmaceuticals) Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary preparations dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies plasters, materials for dressings material for stopping teeth, dental wax disinfectants preparations for destroying vermin fungicides, herbicides. Medicines and Pharmaceutical Preparations The trademark application has been accepted by the Office (has met the minimum filing requirements) and has not yet been assigned to an examiner. Mark For: GOMACRO MACROBAR KIDS® trademark registration is intended to cover the categories of dietary supplements, namely, protein bars being protein supplements formed and packaged as bars nutritional supplements dietary supplements nutritional supplements formed and packaged as bars for low FODMAP diet nutritional supplement meal replacement bars for boosting energy. The dotted outline of the packaging is intended to show the position of the mark and is not part of the mark. Adjacent to the mosaic are a dark brown chocolate chip with a smile inside the chip, a brown chocolate chip with a smile inside the chip, and a floating teal heart above both chips. To the left of the wording is a mosaic design of dark brown, brown, light brown and teal carved-out square mosaic that incorporates a brown chocolate square, a dark brown chocolate square, two light brown chocolate squares, a dark brown chocolate chip, a light brown chocolate chip, a light brown sun, a teal oven mitten, teal leaf, and a teal heart. Above the letters "acro" in "gomacro" is a brown oval shape. Beneath the word, "KiDS" is the stylized word "macrobars" in brown lettering. Beneath the letters "macro" in "gomacro" is the stylized word "KiDS" in brown lettering. The mark consists of three-dimensional product packaging with a cream background comprising the stylized word "gomacro" with "go" in brown lettering and "macro" in tan lettering. For that, just check box next to Add entire family, and when you click Add button whole chosen font family will be added and installed on your device.Īnd you are good to go and try freshly installed Google fonts in your designs or projects. Usually, if you prefer some font you will want to install whole family. When you find font that you like just click on the button Skyfonts and then button Add. Now, you can browse them by name or directly typing name of font. There will be Google Fonts listed under Your linked services.Ĭlick on tab Google Fonts and then choose Browse Google Fonts and you will be directed to page with pop up window where you can browse available Google fonts. To do so, go to Accounts section or Settings (and next to it you will see tab Accounts). Now you are ready for more creative part: font choosing. You will not need to create Skyfont account but if you want to use app on different computers, it is good idea to create one, because that way all your fonts will be synced automatically across devices. After download, install Skyfonts app on your computer. Most elegant way to install Google fonts is to use Skyfonts free app. Now if you are stuck with what to do next, we will show you two different ways how to install Google fonts on your Windows or Mac computer.ġ. Links will take you, most of the times, to Google Fonts page. Our customers often ask us how to install Google fonts, so we decided to make this little tutorial to help and guide you during installation process. So make a copy of the "skyfonts-google" folder before clearing your Temp folder (either with Windows' built-in "Disk Clean-Up" tool or something like CCleaner) and don't forget to move it back afterwards!Īlso, when cleaning your registry, don't forget to uncheck the entries related to the downloaded fonts.Here at IndieStock we are using free fonts for our InDesign print templates and with every template that you download from us, you will get file with download links. IMPORTANT: SkyFonts stores downloaded fonts in the "skyfonts-google" folder in you temp folder (\AppData\Local\Temp). Now, why not head over to Photoshop and see for yourself! (it worked for me, so I don't know why it wouldn't work for you).The text "Google Font added to SkyFonts client" will briefly appear above the "Google Fonts EULA", you'll see a notification above the taskbar, and the font should've appeared in SkyFonts.Click on "SkyFonts ▼" next to the desired font(s), select "Add entire family" if necessary and click on the blue "Add" button.You can install the 10, 20 and 50 top fonts in one go, or click on a letter to explore fonts beginning with that letter (obviously), or search for a font if you've already got one in mind Your web browser should launch (if is doesn't for some reason, go to yourself) In the SkyFonts window, click on the list icon at the top-left and click on "Google Fonts".Click "Install" (leave everything that's checked checked), "Next", check "I accept (.)", "Next", "Next", "Install", "Finish".Open the downloaded zip file, run the installer (there are no other files in the archive, so you don't have to extract it) and click Yes if prompted by UAC. You can ignore "Sign in when requested.", you don't actually have to make an account to use Google Fonts, only when you want to use premium fonts (which I assume you won't need) Click on either "Download 64-bit SkyFonts" or "Download 32-bit SkyFonts", depending on your system (and if you have a Mac, click on "Download Mac SkyFonts").Click on the big red "Download SkyFonts" button. Which has some pros, like that you can also use Google Fonts in other programs than Photoshop) Instructions below are for Windows (the program is also available for Mac OS X) (It isn't open-source as far as I know, but the program and the feature to use Google Fonts are both completely free - I use the program myself.īesides that, it isn't a plugin, but a program. It's called SkyFonts, and you can download it here: Download Google Fonts. I was looking for the same thing myself! (well, not specifically for Photoshop, but a way to use Google Fonts on my computer) And I found something. Our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves are manufactured under strict quality control measures, meeting the highest industry standards. When it comes to the food industry, trust and reliability are paramount. From small to extra-large, find the size that suits you best and experience optimal comfort and performance in your food services. That's why our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves are available in a range of sizes, ensuring a perfect fit for everyone in your team. We understand that food service professionals come in all shapes and sizes. Experience the convenience of having one pair of gloves that can handle various tasks, ensuring optimal cleanliness and professionalism. They provide a hygienic barrier for handling raw ingredients, ready-to-eat food items, and cleaning chemicals. Whether you're involved in food preparation, serving, or cleaning, these gloves are your trusted companion. 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That's why our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves are designed with your comfort in mind. We understand that food service professionals often spend long hours working in the kitchen. With our gloves, you can focus on delivering excellent food services without worrying about glove integrity. They are resistant to punctures, tears, and chemicals, allowing you to handle a wide range of food items and cleaning agents with confidence. Our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves are made from high-quality nitrile material, ensuring exceptional strength and durability. The food prep and food service industry demands gloves that can withstand rigorous tasks. Ensure the well-being of your customers and the success of your food services with gloves that provide uncompromised protection. These gloves act as a reliable barrier, safeguarding both the food you handle and the hands that prepare it. Our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves offer unmatched protection against contaminants, ensuring food safety and minimizing the risk of cross-contamination. When handling food, maintaining a clean and sanitary environment is essential. With their superior quality and performance, these gloves are the ideal choice for ensuring the highest standards of cleanliness and safety in your kitchen. Our Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves are specifically designed to meet the rigorous demands of the food industry, providing exceptional protection, durability, and comfort. In the fast-paced world of food preparation and food services, safety and hygiene are paramount. Food Prep and Food Service Nitrile Gloves - Enhancing Safety and Hygiene in the Kitchen Materials and Methods Patients and sampling The present work was conducted to establish the detection windows for EtG and EtS in urine in alcoholic patients during alcohol detoxification and to examine factors that could possibly be of influence. Because of rapid ethanol metabolism and excretion from the body, the time frame for a positive saliva, breath or blood ethanol test is typically limited to 90 h were demonstrated in alcohol-dependent patients during recovery from heavy drinking (Beck et al., 2007). The detection times showed wide inter-individual variations, also after adjusting values for urine dilution and to the estimated times for a completed ethanol elimination.įollowing alcohol intake, an absolute majority (>95%) of the ethanol becomes oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde and further to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Conclusions: During alcohol detoxification, EtG and EtS remained detectable in urine for several days. The EtG results by LC-MS and the immunoassay were in good agreement. The detection times after an estimated zero ethanol concentration were ∼30–110 h (median 66) for EtG and ∼30– 70 h (median 56) for EtG/creatinine. After correction for urine dilution, the time until an EtG/creatinine ratio <0.5 mg/g was ∼40– 90 h (median 65). For EtG, the individual time range until return to below the applied cut-off limit (<0.5 mg/L) was ∼40–130 h (median 78) with a similar time course observed for EtS. Results: The detection time for urinary EtG was weakly correlated ( r = 0.434, P = 0.013) with the initial alcohol concentration (range 1.0–3.4 g/L). EtG and EtS measurements were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and EtG also using an immunochemical assay (DRI-EtG EIA, ThermoFisher/Microgenics). Urine samples for determination of EtG, EtS, ethanol and creatinine were collected on admission to the hospital and thereafter once daily for several days. Methods: Alcohol-dependent patients ( n = 32) with an initial alcohol concentration ≥1 g/L based on breath testing were followed during detoxification. This study determined the detection times for EtG and EtS in alcoholic patients undergoing alcohol detoxification. Compared with ethanol, EtG and EtS are excreted in urine for a prolonged time, making them useful as sensitive alcohol biomarkers. Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are conjugated ethanol metabolites formed in low amounts after alcohol consumption. If a PNM receives a PNM Introduction, does she automatically receive a bid? Submitting a PNM Introduction for a woman can help a chapter identify quality candidates at any time during the school year. It is increasingly common for chapters to have the opportunity to extend an invitation of membership to a few additional women outside of the primary recruitment period. Find the PNM Introduction Form here.Īre PNM Introductions only for primary recruitment? A last-minute PNM Introduction is still much better than no introduction at all. We suggest submitting a PNM Introduction three weeks before the chapter’s primary recruitment process most chapters and universities publish these dates on their websites. Our current approach eliminates those barriers for all PNMs by allowing anyone to complete a PNM introduction form. Our previous system required knowledge of and access to Gamma Phi Beta alumnae in order to introduce potential new members to the organization. We hope that alumnae will welcome the opportunity to complete PNM Introduction Forms and invite others who are not Gamma Phi Betas to do the same. What does this mean for alumnae? Are they no longer important in Gamma Phi Beta recruitment?Īlumnae are absolutely important to Gamma Phi Beta’s recruitment efforts. Collegiate members should contact their chapter for more information. By allowing anyone to submit a PNM Introduction, we provide an equal opportunity for any PNM to have a form submitted on their behalf. You can write a PNM Introduction for a PNM whether she has an existing connection to Gamma Phi Beta or is learning about our sisterhood for the first time.Īnyone can write a PNM Introduction, including Gamma Phi Beta members, non-members and PNMs. Writing a PNM Introduction provides an opportunity to introduce the PNM to a Gamma Phi Beta chapter by highlighting specific involvement and experiences the PNM has so the chapter can learn more about her. Here is a Sample PNM Introduction Form you can use as a guide. You should provide factual, specific information related to the PNM’s leadership, involvement, community service, work experience and honors. What should I include in the PNM Introduction? Firefox, Safari and Internet Explorer can also be used to submit a PNM Introduction Form. We recommend you use Chrome for full optimization. Alumnae interested in sharing information about a potential new member with a collegiate chapter should use the PNM Introduction Form above. In July 2021, Gamma Phi Beta announced International Council’s decision to replace alumnae references, or recommendation letters, with a Potential New Member (PNM) Introduction Form. What happened to alumnae references, recommendation letters and the old recommendation form? The form provides valuable information about the PNM’s involvement and accomplishments, which helps the chapter have quality conversations with the PNM during recruitment. The PNM Introduction Form is a great way to introduce a PNM to a Gamma Phi Beta chapter. In Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, the search results pane covers both columns of the Start menu. The Run command can also be added separately to the right column in the Start menu. Since the found items can be immediately opened, the Start menu search box partially replaces the function of the Run command from previous versions of Windows. The search box features incremental search: If indexing is not turned off, the search box returns results on-the-fly as users type into it. Also added in Windows Vista is a Search box that allows users to search for the Start menu shortcuts or other files and folders. This menu presents a tree view of its hierarchy that expands towards the bottom, with a vertical scrollbar whenever needed. Whenever the All Programs item is clicked, the contents of the left pane slide off the left edge of the Start menu, and the All Programs menu slides in from the right edge of the left column. In Windows Vista, however, cascading menus were replaced by a sliding window in the left pane of the Start menu. Prior to Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, the Start menu consisted of a group of menus and sub-menus that cascaded and expanded, obscuring the initially visible portions of the screen beneath them. Windows Vista and its successors added minor changes to the menu. However, it is absent in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 and other later Windows releases. This version of the Start menu is also available in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. Items could also be simply added to the Start menu by dragging and dropping them.Īlthough Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 introduced a new version of Start menu, they offered the ability to switch back to this version of Start menu. Later developments in Internet Explorer and subsequent Windows releases make it possible to customize the Start menu and to access and expand Internet Explorer Favorites, My Documents and Administrative Tools ( Windows 2000 and later) from the Start menu. The menu also offered the ability to shut down and log off from their computer. The latter was comparable in some respects with the Apple menu in Mac OS and did not have the mentioned limitations of Program Manager: Being a menu, it allowed nested grouping while keeping only one group open at the time. Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 replaced the Program Manager with the desktop and Start menu. It lacked the ability to nest groups within other groups. Program Manager consisted of a simple multiple document interface (MDI) which allowed users to open separate "program groups" and then execute the shortcuts to programs contained within. It was made to overcome the shortcomings of Program Manager in previous operating systems. The Start menu first appeared in Windows 95. In Microsoft Windows, the Start menu in some form appears in Windows 9x, Windows NT 4.0 and all subsequent versions in the Windows NT family, as well as Windows CE, Windows Mobile and Windows Phone. Until Windows Vista, the Start menu was constantly expanded across the screen as the user navigated through its cascading sub-menus. Windows XP's Start menu was expanded to encompass various My Documents folders (including My Music and My Pictures), and transplanted other items like My Computer and My Network Places from the Windows desktop. Later enhancements via Windows Desktop Update included access to special folders such as "My Documents" and "Favorites" (browser bookmarks). Traditionally, the Start menu provided a customizable nested list of programs for the user to launch, as well as a list of most recently opened documents, a way to find files and obtain assistance, and access to the system settings. It has been co-opted by some operating systems (like ReactOS) and Linux desktop environments for providing a more Windows-like experience, and as such is, for example, present in KDE, with the name of Kickoff Application Launcher, and on Xfce with the name of Whisker Menu. The Start menu was renamed Start screen in Windows 8, before returning to its original name with Windows 10. The Start menu, and the Taskbar on which it appears, were created and named in 1993 by Daniel Oran, a program manager at Microsoft who had previously collaborated on Great ape language research with the behavioral psychologist B.F. The Start menu is a graphical user interface element that has been part of Microsoft Windows since Windows 95, providing a means of opening programs and performing other functions in the Windows shell. Graphical user interface element included in Microsoft Windows since Windows 95 Tune to your liking, mine is disabled for gears 1 - 5 and enabled for 6th. ***Torque Converter -> Apply Release -> Speed ***Torque Converter -> General -> TCC Adapt -> Adapt Min & Max Shift the whole table 5 columns to the left ***Torque Converter -> General -> TCC Pressure -> Desired Pressure Torque Converter -> General -> TCC Desired Slip This table takes a long time to get it to how you like it. I have -0.5 in the lower cells and progressively blend it out to the 0 cells. These are the daily drive area of the table. I have found that leaving the full torque management on has resulted in the fastest shift times. This will apply full torque reduction for your high torque shifts. In the medium to high torque and medium to high rpm cells set to 0. Torque Management -> Upshift -> Adder -> Adder Modifier Torque Management -> Upshift -> Torque Factor If you like head snapping this tune is not for you. Torque Management -> Torque Reduction -> Speed Ctrl Terminate Torque Management -> General -> TCC Limit Torque Management -> General -> Stall Torque Management Shift Timing -> Upshift -> Desired Output Torque Factor Shift Timing -> Upshift -> Transition TimeĬopy special to normal for both initial and final Generally 5->6 gets left alone as that shift is locked out at WOT Shift Timing -> Upshift -> Torque Adder Normal & Specialįor the high torque high rpm cells from 1 to 5 gears set the time to 0.15s and blend out. Shift Pressure -> Adaptive -> Oncoming Pressure Preset If you're making more than 1000Nm then increase 1000Nm by how much % you are over 1000Nm. Then take 1000Nm column and copy to 750Nm column. No point doing 5-6 as 6th gear is locked out for WOT. Shift Pressure -> Upshift -> Pattern X, Y (Pattern Z not used in my tune) What this means is it will use the torque reported from the ECM to calculate the shift pressure as opposed to using one of the '3 levels' of shift pressure values that corelate to the torque numbers in the low / mid / high tables. Shift Pressure -> Base Line Pressure -> Discrete Shift Torque Modeĭisabled for 2-3 gear change. Shift Pressure -> General -> Max Line Pressure (Leaning towards this is not necessary, as per workshop manual, 758kPa will command max pressure) Shift Pressure -> General -> Max Pressure (Leaning towards this is not necessary, as per workshop manual, 758kPa will command max pressure) The shift pattern in use can be found by logging 'Trans Shift Mode' in the scanner. For my car Patt A is drive and Patt B is sport mode. This method allowed me to keep it simple and only tweak one set of shift points. Then adjusted the 'daily driving' areas to suit my tastes. (Refer to attached tunes to see)Ĭopied sport to normal tables. Use in conjunction with torque management to achieve shift feel. This is personal preference so tune to your tastes. Only talking a half or 1 (2 at most) points here or there. I have increased some of the cells in the 'daily driving' area of the maps to firm up the shifts a tad. Shift General -> Inertia Factor Profile -> Upshift This is good for a 630rwhp street setup.Įveryone will have a different take on things. This is assuming you haven't got a built transmission or a wildly high HP engine. Generally you would hit the following tables. These fifteen montage examples demonstrate how to use montages purposefully and effectively. In modern cinema, a combination of the five methods are more common and used to great effect. Since the 100 years since Sergei Eisenstein introduced his montage theory, montage has developed to suit the purposes of exposition and compression of time and space. This is an intellectual sequence, during which Luke Wilson’s character Richie cuts his overgrown hair and beard. Needle In The Hay MontageĪdditionally, the other montage to discuss in The Royal Tenenbaums is the Needle In The Hay montage. The montage is so careful in what it includes that short moments convey all we need to know. Yet, the rhythm of the visuals perfectly encapsulate his character and how Margot feels about him. For example, Margot’s husband, Raleigh, only has twenty-five seconds of screen time. Whilst the narration is literal, the visuals add another layer, often acting laterally to build a wide picture of the character at hand in a very short amount of time. In this and other ways, the visual imagery complements the narration. We see still images of books published by the characters, for example, when they are introduced as writers. The montage is so entertaining and dynamic in part because of the variety in the visuals. Their separation will become a key part of the rest of the film. But Margot and his relationship is clearly unfulfilling for the both of them. Raleigh St Clair is shown to be loving and intelligent.Margot is established as unhappy and secretive.But it’s clear he still feels insecure and is still in frequent conversation with Margot. Eli Cash is established as a successful writer.Richie’s tennis career is shown to have failed, his isolation clearly a symptom of his love for Margot.The montage establishes Royal as broke and isolated from his family.The above rhythmic montage in The Royal Tenebaums is a perfect example of stylistically and quickly re-introducing the main characters 22 years on from when we last briefly saw them. It establishes the protagonist‘s, wants, needs and his emotional baggage rapidly. It compresses an entire love story into a short space of time. Carl and Ellie were unable to have kids and Russell eventually becomes a son to Carl. It pre-empts Carl’s relationship with Russell.The jar of coins and the purchasing of the tickets, just before Ellie’s collapse, suggests this. It establishes Carl’s want in the film – to get to Paradise Falls.This justifies Carl’s grumpiness for the rest of the film as it is clear that he has lost his soulmate. It establishes the love that Carl and Ellie have for each other.The sequence is able to serve a number of different purposes: We begin the sequence witnessing their wedding and end it seeing Carl standing alone at Ellie’s funeral. Carl harnesses them – at first they nearly fly off without him – but then he has one by his side at Ellie’s funeral. The balloons as a motif throughout this sequence.The repetition of the couple climbing up the hill creates an emotional impact once Ellie collapses.The film uses a number of repeated images to show the progression of time: This overtonal montage is so effective that it functions almost as its own short film. Within the space of four minutes, a montage shows Carl & Ellie’s married life, from their wedding to Ellie’s death. The “Married Life” montage from the beginning of Up is a montage example that lives long in the memory of many audiences. Though, as we will see below, the lines between them are not always clear and they are often used in combination. These methods of montage are still in use today. The shots are linked through a similar intellectual meaning. Intellectual – very different shots cut together as a visual metaphor.Overtonal – cutting according to overtones and themes within different shots, while incorporating wider themes of the film and creating an emotional response from the audience.Shots are linked based on aural or visual similarities. The highlighting of emotional themes or meanings in the shots themselves. Tonal – cutting based on tones within the shots.Therefore edits differ in length depending on what happens within the sequence. Rhythmic (aka Continuity Editing) – cutting based on the content of the shots.Metric – cutting shots together based on exact measure or length of time, disregarding the length and content of the shot.The term, montage, was coined for cinema in the 1920s by Sergei Eisenstein. He explained 5 methods of montage: |
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